Three-dimensional simulation of a rising bubble in the presence of spherical obstacles by the immersed boundary–lattice Boltzmann method.

The dynamics of a bubble bypassing or passing between spherical obstacles, which is associated with many industrial applications, is investigated numerically. A gas–liquid–solid interaction model is established by combining the lattice Boltzmann method and the immersed boundary method. The deformation and the surface velocity of the bubble, as well as the streamlines of the flow field, are studied as the bubble bypasses a single spherical obstacle or passes between a pair of such obstacles. It is found that for the case of a single sphere, the rise velocity reaches a minimum value at the moment at which an annular bubble forms and the whole sphere is enveloped by the bubble. The initial distance between the bubble and the sphere, as well as the ratio of their sizes, has distinct influences on bubble shape and rise velocity. For a pair of spherical obstacles, the rise velocity of the bubble reaches a minimum value twice as the bubble rises between the obstacles. The distance between the two obstacles has a stronger influence on bubble motion than does their size, although when the two obstacles are of different sizes, the bubble will deviate toward the smaller one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]