A survey of uncertain data management.

Uncertain data are data with uncertainty information, which exist widely in database applications. In recent years, uncertainty in data has brought challenges in almost all database management areas such as data modeling, query representation, query processing, and data mining. There is no doubt that uncertain data management has become a hot research topic in the field of data management. In this study, we explore problems in managing uncertain data, present state-of-the-art solutions, and provide future research directions in this area. The discussed uncertain data management techniques include data modeling, query processing, and data mining in uncertain data in the forms of relational, XML, graph, and stream. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]