Update in Pulmonary Vascular Disease 2016 and 2017.

The article focuses on clinical efforts highlight promising treatments addressing emerging targets in the pathophysiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). It mentions molecular basis of sex bias in PAH and focused on the regulation and activity of estrogen in women and importance of sex hormone activity was recently extended to men with PAH. It also mentions aryl hydrocarbon receptor regulates downstream estrogen production in pulmonary vascular cells via cytochrome P450.