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Occurrence and Estrogenic Potency of Bisphenol Analogs in Sewage Sludge from Wastewater Treatment Plants in Central China.
- Source :
- Archives of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology; Oct2019, Vol. 77 Issue 3, p461-470, 10p
- Publication Year :
- 2019
-
Abstract
- Land application is suggested to be the most economical sludge disposal method but is also a potential source of bisphenol analogs (BPs) to the environment. In this study, BP concentrations in sewage sludge from Henan province ranged from 15.1 to 2237 ng g<superscript>−1</superscript> dw. BPA was dominant with mean concentration of 140 ng g<superscript>−1</superscript> dw, followed by BPS (mean 43.4 ng g<superscript>−1</superscript> dw), BPF (mean 7.98 ng g<superscript>−1</superscript> dw), BPAF (mean 1.04 ng g<superscript>−1</superscript> dw), BPAP (mean 0.88 ng g<superscript>−1</superscript> dw), BPB (mean 0.38 ng g<superscript>−1</superscript> dw), and BPZ (mean 0.33 ng g<superscript>−1</superscript> dw). Apart from BPB, no significant correlations were found between BPs and wastewater treatment plants characteristics, probably because adsorption does not play a major role in the removal of BPs. The estimated total emission flux of BPs from sludge-amended soils are approximately 62.7 kg year<superscript>−1</superscript>. BPA is the largest contributor with emission flux of 45.3 kg year<superscript>−1</superscript>. Hazard quotient values for BPs in sludge-amended soils are 3–6 orders of magnitude lower than 1 with total 17β-estradiol equivalents ranging from 0.33 to 26.8 pg g<superscript>−1</superscript> E<subscript>2</subscript>EQ dw. Overall, although being partially replaced by other analogs, BPA is still widely used in Henan province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Subjects :
- SEWAGE sludge
SEWAGE disposal plants
MAGNITUDE (Mathematics)
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 00904341
- Volume :
- 77
- Issue :
- 3
- Database :
- Complementary Index
- Journal :
- Archives of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 138478428
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-019-00663-4