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Vehicle Ammonia Emissions Measured in An Urban Environment in Sydney, Australia, Using Open Path Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy.
- Source :
- Atmosphere; Apr2019, Vol. 10 Issue 4, p208, 1p
- Publication Year :
- 2019
-
Abstract
- Airborne particulate matter (PM) is a major health risk in urban settings. Ammonia (NH<subscript>3</subscript>) from vehicle exhaust is an under-recognised ingredient in the formation of inorganic PM and there remains a shortage of data to properly quantify the role of NH<subscript>3</subscript> from vehicles in PM formation. An Open-path Fourier transform infra-red (OP-FTIR) spectrometer measured atmospheric NH<subscript>3</subscript>, carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO<subscript>2</subscript>) at high temporal resolution (5 min) in Western Sydney over 11 months. The oxides of nitrogen (NO<subscript>2</subscript> and NO; NO<subscript>x</subscript>) and sulphur dioxide (SO<subscript>2</subscript>) were measured at an adjacent air quality monitoring station. NH<subscript>3</subscript> levels were maxima in the morning and evening coincident with peak traffic. During peak traffic NH<subscript>3</subscript>:CO ratio ranged from 0.018 to 0.022 ppbv:ppbv. Results were compared with the Greater Metropolitan Region 2008 (GMR2008) emissions inventory. Measured NH<subscript>3</subscript>:CO was higher during peak traffic times than the GMR2008 emissions estimates, indicating an underestimation of vehicle NH<subscript>3</subscript> emissions in the inventory. Measurements also indicated the urban atmosphere was NH<subscript>3</subscript> rich for the formation of ammonium sulphate ((NH<subscript>4</subscript>)<subscript>2</subscript>SO<subscript>4</subscript>) particulate was SO<subscript>2</subscript> limited while the formation of ammonium nitrate (NH<subscript>4</subscript>NO<subscript>3</subscript>) was NH<subscript>3</subscript> limited. Any reduction in NO<subscript>x</subscript> emissions with improved catalytic converter efficiency will be accompanied by an increase in NH<subscript>3</subscript> production and potentially with an increase in NH<subscript>4</subscript>NO<subscript>3</subscript> particulate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 20734433
- Volume :
- 10
- Issue :
- 4
- Database :
- Complementary Index
- Journal :
- Atmosphere
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 136237221
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10040208