Реконструкція турбін методом аналогового моделювання, зображення структури потоку і вдосконалення частин потоку

The problems of significant energy losses for overcoming the hydraulic resistance are considered in the article, the results of the flow pattern diagnostics when moving in turbine elements are presented, as well as options for improving the geometry of the flow parts. The main problem of hydrodynamics is the substantial energy losses in order to overcome hydraulic resistance. Except for substantial energy losses the resistances cause pulsations and, as a consequence, a reduction in the range of capacity regulation of the equipment, are the cause of noise, vibration and other negative phenomena too. These shortcomings are due to imperfection (often even primitive) of the geometry of the flow parts. The problems of hydrodynamics are related to the fact that the processes of motion of liquids and gases are practically inaccessible to visual studies. Until now, hydrodynamics is based on the paradigm of turbulence, which is associated as chaos. Therefore, reference books and catalogs that are used in the design of hydrodynamic systems, unjustifiably "legitimized" the technologically simple flow parts of turns, manifold, tees, etc. and high values of their hydraulic resistances, respectively. The geometry healing of flow parts with the purpose of improving the flow structure provides reduction of resistance 5 times or more. A high degree of hydraulic flows organization can be the basis for creating a new paradigm of "flow structure", which is useful to use in the design of equipment and hydraulic systems. However, the dynamic processes in the flow parts are characterized only by the resistance value. Other measures of efficiency are not used when designing. The experience of positive results of reducing resistance during the implementation of reconstruction projects, when the system's productivity increases with simultaneous reduction of the initial pressure leads to a decrease of efficiency pumps, fans, compressors. That is, the efficiency coefficient of the main equipment of the system and the resistance of the flow ranges characterize differently the efficiency indicators of the energy processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]