A two-step co-evolutionary particle swarm optimization approach for CO2 pipeline design with multiple uncertainties.

CO₂ pipeline transportation is an important link in the successful application of carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) technology. However, uncertainties affect the pipeline optimization performance and might lead to unnecessary expenditures in the design. Driven by the challenging issues and the desired optimization performance, this paper proposes a robust optimization model for the CO₂ pipeline. In light of the model, a two-step co-evolutionary particle swarm optimization (PSO) is developed to solve the robust optimization problem. A new double sub-population method is nested in the co-evolutionary algorithm to further enhance optimization performance. Case studies are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]