Combining capture–recapture data and known ages allows estimation of age‐dependent survival rates.

In many animal populations, demographic parameters such as survival and recruitment vary markedly with age, as do parameters related to sampling, such as capture probability. Failing to account for such variation can result in biased estimates of population‐level rates. However, estimating age‐dependent survival rates can be challenging because ages of individuals are rarely known unless tagging is done at birth. For many species, it is possible to infer age based on size. In capture–recapture studies of such species, it is possible to use a growth model to infer the age at first capture of individuals. We show how to build estimates of age‐dependent survival into a capture–mark–recapture model based on data obtained in a capture–recapture study. We first show how estimates of age based on length increments closely match those based on definitive aging methods. In simulated analyses, we show that both individual ages and age‐dependent survival rates estimated from simulated data closely match true values. With our approach, we are able to estimate the age‐specific apparent survival rates of Murray and trout cod in the Murray River, Australia. Our model structure provides a flexible framework within which to investigate various aspects of how survival varies with age and will have extensions within a wide range of ecological studies of animals where age can be estimated based on size. Age‐specific estimates of survival rates for animals in the wild are hard to come by as ages of animals are rarely known without observing births of or sacrificing individuals to determine age. We integrate known‐age data from otoliths with observed changes in length in Murray cod and trout cod in Australia in order to estimate growth rates and age‐specific survival. Our results show how inclusion of auxiliary otolith data lead to more robust estimates of age and survival rates in these two species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]