Aktor Bukan Negara dan Keselamatan Nasional di Malaysia: Tentera Diraja Sulu dan Pencerobohan Lahad Datu, 2013.

Since independence, Malaysia has been facing various security threats such as the Communist threat, the Indonesia confrontation against Malaysia, the Philippine's claim on Sabah and so on. However, the post-Cold War era have changed the way of understanding national security because most of the security threats are emanated from the non-state actors, such as terrorists group. Therefore, this paper discusses the intrusion by a group called the Royal Sulu Army (RSA) in Tanduo in 2013. This incidence proved that the non-state actors are also posing huge security threat to Malaysia's national security. Meanwhile, this intrusion also demonstrates that the threat emanated from the non-state actor is more threatening than the traditional security elements that emphasises the importance of the state and the use of the military by other countries. In explaining the seriousness and securities of the threat posed by the RSA, this article employs several variables; first, the way the government responds to the threat; second, the number of death during the intrusion; third, panic and fear among the security forces and also the public; and fourth, the amount of money allocated to deal with the threat. This article argues that the threat by the non-state actors provides major implications in understanding the issue of national security in Malaysia. Therefore, a holistic approach is needed to tackle this threat. In preparing this article, in addition to the library research and also newspapers, the authors employ some other methods such as observation, interviews, field work and so on in order to understand the seriousness of the threat by the non-state actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]