The evolution of mode-2 internal solitary waves modulated by background shear currents.

The evolution process of mode-2 internal solitary waves (ISWs) modulated by the background shear currents was investigated numerically. The forward-propagating long wave, amplitude-modulated wave packet were generated during the early stage of modulation, where the amplitude-modulated wave packet were suggested playing an important role in the energy transfer process, and then the oscillating tail was generated and followed the solitary wave. Five different cases were introduced to assess the sensitivity of the energy transfer process to the Δ, which defined as a dimensionless distance between the centers of pycnocline and shear current. The forward-propagating long waves were found robust to the Δ, but the oscillating tail and amplitude-modulated wave packet decreased in amplitude with increasing Δ. The highest energy loss rate was observed when Δ = 0. In the first 30 periods, ~ 36 % of the total energy lost at an average rate of 9 W m^-1, it would deplete the energy of the solitary wave in ~ 4.5 h, corresponding to a propagation distance of ~ 5 km, which is consistent with the hypothesis of Shroyer et al. (2010), who speculated that the mode-2 ISWs are "short-lived" in the presence of shear currents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]