Introduction to concepts and measurement of the emergence of tobacco dependence: The Tobacco Etiology Research Network.

This article introduces topics featured in the June 2004 issue of "Addiction." This special issue of "Addiction,' consists of invited papers by prominent researchers studying nicotine and smoking. The publication of this work is commissioned by the Tobacco Etiology Research Network (TERN). This issue contains a series of papers which offers excellent description of major theories of addictive behavior. Thomas Essenberg summarizes negative reinforcement models. Stephen Glautier reviews positive reinforcement theories. Thomas Brandon and colleagues present the main concepts of Mark Goldman's model of drug expectancies, Albert Bandura's model of self-efficacy, Thomas Will's model of stress and coping and Stephen Tiffany's cognitive-processing model of drug urges and craving. The authors then discuss and dissect the key underpinnings of each theory to determine their specific or implied assertions about dependence and its emergence over the course of use. Finally, the authors address translation of these theories into assessment procedures.