Most <italic>Colletotrichum</italic> species associated with tree tomato (<italic>Solanum betaceum</italic>) and mango (<italic>Mangifera indica</italic>) crops are not host‐specific.

An important constraint for crop production in Colombia is the high incidence of anthracnose caused by <italic>Colletotrichum</italic> species. Although several studies have focused on these fungi, the relationship between the different fungal species within the genus and their hosts and whether they display any host preference or host specificity has yet to be examined. In Colombia, diseases caused by <italic>Colletotrichum</italic> species are particularly severe in mango (<italic>Mangifera indica</italic>) and tree tomato (<italic>Solanum betaceum</italic>) crops. In a previous investigation, the <italic>Colletotrichum</italic> phylogenetic species attacking these crops were identified. The present study aimed to determine whether isolates collected from tree tomato and mango showed host preference or host specificity by assessing aggressiveness, spore density, latent period, and fitness of each strain on the two hosts. In the departments of Cundinamarca and Tolima, Colombia, isolates were collected from plants that presented typical anthracnose symptoms and were identified as <italic>C. acutatum</italic>,<italic> C. asianum</italic>,<italic> C. boninense</italic>,<italic> C. gloeosporioides</italic>,<italic> C. tamarilloi</italic> and <italic>C. theobromicola</italic>. Inoculation of conidia of each isolate onto both hosts showed isolates had no host preference and only the <italic>C. gloeosporioides</italic> isolate showed host specificity. However, in general, isolates produced a higher spore density when inoculated on the alternate host, which may indicate a difference in the degree of adaptation to each host. Statistical analyses of the assessed parameter values revealed that isolates use different infection strategies when infecting each host. In light of these results, the implications of using quantitative estimations of fitness when studying fungal pathogens are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]