The combined effects of on-road and simulator training with feedback on older drivers' on-road performance: Evidence from a randomized controlled trial.

<bold>Objective: </bold>A number of training programs that seek to improve driving performance among older drivers are available accompanied by a growing interest in their effectiveness. The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the combined effect of (1) basic in-class training (BT); (2) on-road training with individualized feedback (OR); and (3) training on a driving simulator (S).<bold>Methods: </bold>Using a randomized controlled trial study design, 78 older drivers were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups (BT, BT + OR, or BT + OR + S). All participants completed a pre- and postintervention on-road driving evaluation on a standardized route. The driving evaluations were recorded using video and Global Positioning System (GPS) equipment and were scored by a blind assessor.<bold>Results: </bold>The results indicated a significant reduction of approximately 30% in overall number of driving errors/omissions among participants in the BT + OR and the BT + OR + S groups in comparison to participants in the BT group.<bold>Conclusions: </bold>This study adds to the mounting evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of individualized driver training in improving safe driving among older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]