TRANSLATOR'S TRIALS IN A PHILOSOPHICAL TEXT.

Philosophy aims at discovering positive truths about human existence, life and human being within the Universe. Philosophy as a scientific discipline seeks to establish its conclusions and findings in rational and objectively valid language. The language philosophers use consist of different layers of vocabulary. Besides the ordinary language words philosophical vocabulary implies terms with a definite definition assigned to them. What presents additional difficulties for a translator of philosophical texts is that a philosophy as a historical phenomenon of human culture is a science in its continuous progress. Consequently, philosophical terms manifest the development of human cognition, the movement of concepts over a period of time. Different dictionaries of philosophy demonstrate the differentiation of the cognitive content of well-known terms. First, the translator should take into account the fact, that a semantic component of historicity may be present in the term meaning. Second, author's philosophy expresses a definite world outlook possessed by a definite philosophical trend. Every influential philosophical school of earlier or present-day history has searched for ways of introducing its own linguistic articulation of their innovative thoughts. Outstanding philosophers have tried to coin and have created their own terms that suit their own innovative perception and interpretation of reality. It results in either of their subjective interpretation of the cognitive content of some generally accepted terms or the creation of new terms. In the course of different translations by different authors several translation variants for one and the same concept may appear. A translator has to deal with two different levels - the content level and the verbal level. For a translator to find a corresponding translation counterpart in a target language is always an individual and creative process. As concerns the verbal level, there is a difference on the lexical and grammatical planes between the source and target languages. It is also the grammatical forms of words in the source and target languages that may differ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]