Comparative study of the mechanical properties of instruments made of conventional, M-wire, R-phase, and controlled memory nickel-titanium alloys.

The article presents the study which examines the mechanical behaviour of four brands of engine-driven nickel-titanium endodontic instruments, HyFlex CM, Twisted File, ProFile Vortex, and RaCe. It explores the materials and methods used in the study, which involves testing of instruments for bending resistance, cyclic fatigue, torsional resistance, Vickers hardness and toughness.