In Utero Exposure to Select Phenols and Phthalates and Respiratory Health in Five-Year-Old Boys: A Prospective Study.

BACKGROUND: Phenols and phthalates may have immunomodulatory and proinflammatory effects and thereby adversely affect respiratory health. OBJECTIVE: We estimated the associations between gestational exposure to select phthalates and phenols and respiratory health in boys. METHODS: Among 587 pregnant women from the EDEN (Etude des Déterminants pré et post natals du développement et de la santé de l’Enfant) cohort who delivered a boy, 9 phenols and 11 phthalates metabolites were quantified in spot pregnancy urine samples. Respiratory outcomes were followed up by questionnaires until age 5, when forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV₁) was measured by spirometry. Adjusted associations of urinary metabolites log–transformed concentrations with respiratory outcomes and FEV₁ in percent predicted (FEV₁%) were estimated by survival and linear regression models, respectively. RESULTS: No phenol or phthalate metabolite exhibited clear deleterious associations simultaneously with several respiratory outcomes. Ethyl-paraben was associated with increased asthma rate [hazard rate (HR)=1.10; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00, 1.21] and tended to be negatively associated with FEV₁% (beta=−0.59; 95% CI: −1.24, 0.05); bisphenol A tended to be associated with increased rates of asthma diagnosis (HR=1.23; 95% CI: 0.97, 1.55) and bronchiolitis/bronchitis (HR=1.13; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.30). Isolated trends for deleterious associations were also observed between 2,5-dichlorophenol and wheezing, and between monocarboxynonyl phthalate, a metabolite of di-isodecyl phthalate (DIDP), and wheezing. CONCLUSION: Ethyl-paraben, bisphenol A, 2,5-dichlorophenol, and DIDP tended to be associated with altered respiratory health, with ethyl-paraben and bisphenol A exhibiting some consistency across respiratory outcomes. The trends between bisphenol A pregnancy level and increased asthma and bronchiolitis/bronchitis rates in childhood were consistent with a previous cohort study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]