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Safety and Tolerability of PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors Compared with Chemotherapy in Patients with Advanced Cancer: A Meta-Analysis.
- Source :
- Oncologist; Apr2017, Vol. 22 Issue 4, p470-479, 10p, 1 Diagram, 5 Charts
- Publication Year :
- 2017
-
Abstract
- Background. Compared with chemotherapy, significant improvement in survival outcomes with the programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) inhibitors nivolumab and pembrolizumab and the programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor atezolizumab has been shown in several types of advanced solid tumors.We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare safety and tolerability between PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and chemotherapy. Methods. PubMed and American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) databases were searched 1966 to September 2016. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing single-agent U.S. Food and Drug Administration--approved PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors (nivolumab, pembrolizumab, or atezolizumab) with chemotherapy in cancer patients reporting any all-grade (1-4) or high-grade (3-4) adverse events (AEs), all- or high-grade treatment-related symptoms, hematologic toxicities and immune-related AEs, treatment discontinuation due to toxicities, or treatment-related deaths. The summary incidence, relative risk, and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results. A total of 3,450 patients from 7 RCTs were included in the meta-analysis: 4 nivolumab, 2 pembrolizumab, and 1 atezolizumab trials. The underlying malignancies included were non-small cell lung cancer (4 trials) and melanoma (3 trials). Compared with chemotherapy, the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors had a significantly lower risk of all- and high-grade fatigue, sensory neuropathy, diarrhea and hematologic toxicities, all-grade anorexia, nausea, and constipation, any all- and high-grade AEs, and treatment discontinuation. There was an increased risk of all-grade rash, pruritus, colitis, aminotransferase elevations, hypothyroidism, and hyperthyroidism, and all- and high-grade pneumonitis with PD1/PD-L1 inhibitors. Conclusion. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors are overall better tolerated than chemotherapy. Our results provide further evidence supporting the favorable risk/benefit ratio for PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Subjects :
- APOPTOSIS
CANCER chemotherapy
CANCER patients
CONFIDENCE intervals
DRUG side effects
INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems
MEDICAL databases
MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems
MEDLINE
META-analysis
METASTASIS
MONOCLONAL antibodies
ONLINE information services
PATIENT safety
SYSTEMATIC reviews
DATA analysis software
DESCRIPTIVE statistics
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 10837159
- Volume :
- 22
- Issue :
- 4
- Database :
- Complementary Index
- Journal :
- Oncologist
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 122456726
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1634/theoncologist.2016-0419