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Vitamin B-12-fortified toothpaste improves vitamin status in vegans: a 12-wk randomized placebo-controlled study.
- Source :
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition; 3/1/2017, Vol. 105 Issue 3, p618-625, 8p, 3 Charts
- Publication Year :
- 2017
-
Abstract
- Background: The oral application of vitamin B-12 may prevent its deficiency if the vitamin is absorbed via the mucosal barrier. Objectives: We studied the effect of the use of a vitamin B-12-fortified toothpaste on vitamin-status markers in vegans and assessed the efficiency of markers in the identification of vitamin-augmentation status. Design: In this 12-wk, double-blinded, randomized, placebocontrolled study, 76 vegans received either a placebo (n = 34) or vitamin B-12 (n = 42) toothpaste. Sixty-six subjects (n = 30 in the placebo arm; n = 36 in the vitamin B-12 arm) completed the intervention. Serum and plasma concentrations of vitamin B-12, holotranscobalamin, total homocysteine (tHcy), and methylmalonic acid (MMA) were measured before and after the intervention. Results: Both postintervention concentrations of vitamin B-12 and holotranscobalamin and their changes over 12 wk were higher in the vitamin B-12 group (mean ± SD change: 81 ± 135 pmol/L for vitamin B-12 and 26 ± 34 pmol/L for holotranscobalamin) than in the placebo group (227 ± 64 and 25 ± 17 pmol/L, respectively) after adjustment for baseline concentrations. Postintervention concentrations of MMA and their changes differed significantly between groups (MMA changes: 20.169 ± 0.340 compared with 20.036 ± 0.544 µmol/L in vitamin B-12 and placebo groups, respectively; P < 0.001). After adjustment for baseline tHcy, postintervention concentrations of tHcy tended to be lower (P = 0.051), and the changes in tHcy (20.7 ± 4.4 compared with 2.0 ± 5.6 µmol/L, respectively) were greater in the vitamin B-12 group than in the placebo group. Changes in vitamin B-12 markers were more prominent in vegans who reported that they had not taken vitamin B-12 supplements. Conclusion: Vitamin B-12 that is applied to the oral cavity via toothpaste enters the circulation and corrects the vitamin B-12 markers in the blood of vegans who are at higher risk of vitamin B-12 deficiency. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02679833. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Subjects :
- ANALYSIS of variance
CHI-squared test
DENTIFRICES
LONGITUDINAL method
MEDICAL cooperation
PROBABILITY theory
RESEARCH
RESEARCH funding
STATISTICAL sampling
STATISTICAL hypothesis testing
STATISTICS
VEGETARIANISM
VITAMIN B12
HOMOCYSTEINE
STATISTICAL power analysis
DATA analysis
STATISTICAL significance
RANDOMIZED controlled trials
PRE-tests & post-tests
REPEATED measures design
BLIND experiment
RECEIVER operating characteristic curves
DICARBOXYLIC acids
DATA analysis software
DESCRIPTIVE statistics
NUTRITIONAL status
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 00029165
- Volume :
- 105
- Issue :
- 3
- Database :
- Complementary Index
- Journal :
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 121662132
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.116.141978