Regulatory CD4+ T lymphocytes after allogeneic transfusion in orthopaedic surgical patients.

The article focuses on association of immunomodulation with allogeneic blood transfusion (ABT) through regulation of CD4 T cells. Topics discussed include observation of regulatory properties by several markers such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4; influence of allogeneic leucocytes over post-transfusion lymphopenia; analysis of regulatory T cells involvement in tumour progression; and indication of immunological imbalance by Tregs in orthopaedic surgery.