Single Dose Oral and Intravenous Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Distribution of a Novel Hesperetin Derivative MTBH in Rats.

Background: MTBH, a novel hesperetin derivative, possesses in vivo hepatoprotective effects against carbon tetrachloride (CCl)-induced acute liver injury in Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice. Objectives: This study investigated the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of MTBH and its conjugated metabolites in rats after a single dose of MTBH. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were orally administered (25, 50, 100 mg/kg) or intravenously administered (25 mg/kg) MTBH and blood samples were withdrawn at specific times. Moreover, after a single oral dose of MTBH (200 mg/kg), tissues (heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, stomach, intestine, brain and muscle) were collected at scheduled time points. Results: The concentration of MTBH in plasma and tissues was assayed by HPLC before and after hydrolysis with β-glucuronidase or sulfatase. The glucuronides/sulfates were extensively present in the plasma, moreover, the free form was detectable in the plasma, but in a small amount equivalent to nearly 0.85-1.46 % of the amount of glucuronides/sulfates, the absolute bioavailability of MTBH was approximately 31.27 %. In tissues, the free form appeared in all tissues examined, with trace amount in brain and muscle, and considerable concentration in stomach and lung. Glucuronides/sulfates were the major forms in intestine, kidney and liver, whereas not detectable in heart, brain and muscle. The liver and intestine were found likely to accumulate MTBH at a high concentration among all tissues. Conclusions: The free form of MTBH was present in the circulation and all assayed organs, whereas its glucuronides/sulfates were the major forms in plasma and intestine, kidney and liver after a single dose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]