A CHARACTERIZATION OF VIRTUALLY EMBEDDED SUBSURFACES IN 3-MANIFOLDS.

This paper introduces the spirality character of the almost fiber part for a closed essentially immersed subsurface of a closed orientable aspherical 3-manifold, which generalizes an invariant due to Rubinstein and Wang. The subsurface is virtually embedded if and only if the almost fiber part is aspiral, and in this case, the subsurface is virtually a leaf of a taut foliation. Besides other consequences, examples are exhibited that nongeometric 3-manifolds with no Seifert fibered pieces may contain essentially immersed but not virtually embedded closed subsurfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]