Adoption of High-Performance Work Systems by Local Subsidiaries of Developed Country and Turkish MNEs and Indigenous Firms in Turkey.

High-performance work systems ( HPWSs) are seen as important in helping strengthen competitive strategies of developed-country multinational enterprises ( DC MNEs). Commensurate with global competitive pressures and internationalization strategies, emerging-country MNEs ( EC MNEs) and indigenous firms are also increasingly adopting HPWSs. HPWSs are not only seen as simply performance enhancing systems, but also as facilitators of internationalization. MNEs represent an important test bed for the HPWSs and their applicability in different national contexts. In this article, we contribute to the extant literature by focusing on HPWS adoption level within domestic subsidiaries of DC MNEs and EC MNEs along with stand-alone indigenous firms in a single-country setting by keeping the host-country environment as constant. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]