Cold In-Place Recycling Characterization for Single-Component or Multiple-Component Binder Systems.

Cold in-place recycling (CIR) is a pavement rehabilitation technique that has been used for decades. During this time, singlecomponent binder (SCB) systems have governed the market. Single-component binders are defined as those with one binder or two if the secondary binder dosage is 1% or less (e.g., 3% asphalt emulsion with 1% hydrated lime). In contrast, this paper investigates multiplecomponent binder (MCB) systems (e.g., 2.5% emulsion with 2% portland cement). This paper's objective is threefold: (1) present a universal CIR design framework applicable to any cementitious and/or bituminous material; (2) demonstrate MCB sustainability advantages; and (3) conduct an extensive SCB and MCB characterization. Universal design framework components include specimen preparation, curing, and testing protocols. Nine binder combinations were tested for wheel tracking, permeability, modulus, strength, and cracking response. Cement SCBs yielded low cracking resistance, high rutting resistance, and favorable economics; emulsion SCBs yielded the opposite. Multiple-component binders balanced cracking, rutting, and economics. The work presented in this paper could benefit agencies in many ways, for example, by promoting informed decisions regarding CIR performance and economics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]