Lissaman, Shollenberger and formation flight in birds.

The article reviews the 1970 article by Peter Lissaman and Carl Shollenberger about the formation flight in birds. It explains the aerodynamic model of birds and their ability and power to position side-by-side or wingtip spacing in a V formation. The author agrees with Lissaman and Shollenberger that the optimal positioning of birds could reduce the induced power to maintain enough lift to overcome the force of gravity required by each bird in the flock.