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PET CT Identifies Reactivation Risk in Cynomolgus Macaques with Latent M. tuberculosis.

Authors :
Lin, Philana Ling
Maiello, Pauline
Gideon, Hannah P.
Coleman, M. Teresa
Cadena, Anthony M.
Rodgers, Mark A.
Gregg, Robert
O’Malley, Melanie
Tomko, Jaime
Fillmore, Daniel
Frye, L. James
Rutledge, Tara
DiFazio, Robert M.
Janssen, Christopher
Klein, Edwin
Andersen, Peter L.
Fortune, Sarah M.
Flynn, JoAnne L.
Source :
PLoS Pathogens; 7/5/2016, Vol. 12 Issue 7, p1-17, 17p
Publication Year :
2016

Abstract

Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection presents across a spectrum in humans, from latent infection to active tuberculosis. Among those with latent tuberculosis, it is now recognized that there is also a spectrum of infection and this likely contributes to the variable risk of reactivation tuberculosis. Here, functional imaging with <superscript>18</superscript>F-fluorodeoxygluose positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET CT) of cynomolgus macaques with latent M. tuberculosis infection was used to characterize the features of reactivation after tumor necrosis factor (TNF) neutralization and determine which imaging characteristics before TNF neutralization distinguish reactivation risk. PET CT was performed on latently infected macaques (n = 26) before and during the course of TNF neutralization and a separate set of latently infected controls (n = 25). Reactivation occurred in 50% of the latently infected animals receiving TNF neutralizing antibody defined as development of at least one new granuloma in adjacent or distant locations including extrapulmonary sites. Increased lung inflammation measured by PET and the presence of extrapulmonary involvement before TNF neutralization predicted reactivation with 92% sensitivity and specificity. To define the biologic features associated with risk of reactivation, we used these PET CT parameters to identify latently infected animals at high risk for reactivation. High risk animals had higher cumulative lung bacterial burden and higher maximum lesional bacterial burdens, and more T cells producing IL-2, IL-10 and IL-17 in lung granulomas as compared to low risk macaques. In total, these data support that risk of reactivation is associated with lung inflammation and higher bacterial burden in macaques with latent Mtb infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
15537366
Volume :
12
Issue :
7
Database :
Complementary Index
Journal :
PLoS Pathogens
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
116611466
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005739