Numerical Investigation of the Influence of Viscoelastic Deformation on the Pressure-Leakage Behavior of Plastic Pipes.

It has been well established that leakage from pipes is more sensitive to changes in pressure than the square root relationship predicted by the orifice equation. The main reason for this is that leak areas are not static, but vary with changes in system pressure. While previous studies have shown that the leak area is a linear function of pressure for elastic materials, the effect of the viscoelastic behavior of plastic pipes on the pressure-leakage response is not yet well understood. In this study, finite element analysis was used to investigate the effect of viscoelastic behavior on round holes and longitudinal cracks in both high density polyethylene (HDPE) and polyvinylchloride (PVC) pipes. The standard differential equation for linear viscoelastic deformation was then calibrated to the finite element results, resulting in equations that accurately describe the viscoelastic variation in leak areas as functions of time. The results also showed that the time-dependent behaviors of both pipe materials are proportional to their elastic behavior, and stabilize after about 12 h. The total deformations of HDPE and PVC pipes were found to be approximately 220 and 122% of their respective elastic deformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]