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Reinforcement and Stimulant Medication Ameliorate Deficient Response Inhibition in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.
- Source :
- Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology; Feb2016, Vol. 44 Issue 2, p309-321, 13p
- Publication Year :
- 2016
-
Abstract
- This study examined the degree to which reinforcement, stimulant medication, and their combination impact response inhibition in children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Across three studies, participants with ADHD (n = 111, 25 girls) and typically-developing (TD) controls (n = 33, 6 girls) completed a standard version of the stop signal task (SST) and/or a reinforcement-manipulation SST with performance-contingent points. In two of these studies, these tasks were performed under placebo or 0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg methylphenidate (MPH) conditions. Cross-study comparisons were conducted to test hypotheses regarding the separate and combined effects of reinforcement and methylphenidate on response inhibition among children with ADHD relative to TD controls. Baseline response inhibition was worse among children with ADHD compared to controls. MPH produced dose-related improvements in response inhibition in children with ADHD; compared to non-medicated TD controls, 0.3 mg/kg MPH normalized deficient response inhibition, and 0.6 mg/kg MPH resulted in better inhibition in children with ADHD. Reinforcement improved response inhibition to a greater extent for children with ADHD than for TD children, normalizing response inhibition. The combination of MPH and reinforcement improved response inhibition among children with ADHD compared to reinforcement alone and MPH alone, also resulting in normalization of response inhibition despite repeated task exposure. Deficient response inhibition commonly observed in children with ADHD is significantly improved with MPH and/or reinforcement, normalizing inhibition relative to TD children tested under standard conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Subjects :
- ATTENTION-deficit hyperactivity disorder
RESPONSE inhibition
STIMULUS & response (Psychology)
METHYLPHENIDATE
BEHAVIOR disorders in children
BEHAVIOR
COMPARATIVE studies
RESEARCH methodology
MEDICAL cooperation
NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
REINFORCEMENT (Psychology)
RESEARCH
RESEARCH funding
SHORT-term memory
EVALUATION research
TREATMENT effectiveness
CENTRAL nervous system stimulants
DELAY discounting (Psychology)
PHARMACODYNAMICS
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 00910627
- Volume :
- 44
- Issue :
- 2
- Database :
- Complementary Index
- Journal :
- Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 112692210
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-015-0031-x