Organizational Consultants and Organizational Research.

This article presents information on organizational consulting and organizational research. Organizational consulting includes any activity that has its main apparent justification the giving of advice to organizational participants about how to improve the effectiveness of organizations or specific individuals in them. Organizational research, on the other hand, is any activity that involves gathering systematic data about organizations or speculating about them in a systematic way. In particular and most conspicuously, consulting and research exist in different social structures. They have different incentive systems, different social norms, and different bases of competition and survival. It is further noted that consulting and research attempt to complement, rather than duplicate, the contributions of experiential learning in specific organizations.