Fabrication of Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 thin film solar cells via spray pyrolysis of thiourea and 1-methylthiourea-based aqueous precursor solution.

A detailed process of fabricating Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)₂ via the spray pyrolysis of a thiourea-based precursor solution followed by selenization is reported. The optimization of the selenization condition for the fabrication of the Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)₂ film led to a conversion efficiency of 7.8% for the Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)₂-based device. We also showed that 1-methylthiourea was a more suitable sulfur source for the spray pyrolysis technique, resulting in a conversion efficiency of 8.7% (V_OC = 0.52 V, J_SC = 31 mA cm⁻², and FF = 0.54) without any antireflection coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]