Designed synthesis and formation mechanism of CeO2 hollow nanospheres and their facile functionalization with Au nanoparticles.

In this work, a facile one-step solvothermal method with the assistance of hydrochloric acid has been developed to prepare well-dispersed CeO₂ hollow nanospheres with high surface areas. The effects of hydrochloric acid on the growth mechanism and the size distribution are investigated in detail. It is found that the hydrogen ions expedite the nucleation rate of the CeO₂ nuclei in the nucleation course, while the chloride ions accelerate the Ostwald ripening in the acidic environment. Both the hydrogen ion (H⁺) and the chloride ion (Cl⁻) are confirmed to play a key role in the formation of hollow morphology. Based on our experiments, a HCl-assisted oxidation–nucleation with an Ostwald ripening process mechanism was proposed. Furthermore, Au nanoparticles with a size of 2.5–6 nm were uniformly deposited on the surface of the ceria support by a simplified reduction process with sodium borohydride (NaBH₄). The synthesized Au/CeO₂ nanospheres exhibit a higher catalytic activity in CO oxidation than pure ceria nanospheres due to the existence of different Au species (metallic Au⁰ and positively charged Au^δ+) and the strengthened interfacial interactions between the Au NPs and the ceria support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]