Colored dissolved organic matter in shallow estuaries: the effect of source on quantification.

Light availability is of primary importance to the ecological function of shallow estuaries. For example, benthic primary production by submerged aquatic vegetation is contingent upon light penetration to the seabed. A major component that attenuates light in estuaries is colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM). CDOM is often measured via a proxy, fluorescing dissolved organic matter (fDOM), due to the ease of in situ fDOM measurements. Fluorescence must be converted to CDOM absorbance for use in light attenuation calculations and models. However, this fDOM-CDOM relationship varies among and within estuaries.We quantified the variability in this relationship within three estuaries: West Falmouth Harbor (MA), Barnegat Bay (NJ), and Chincoteague Bay (MD, VA). Land use surrounding these estuaries ranges from urban to developed, with varying sources of nutrients and organic matter. Measurements of fDOM and CDOM absorbance were taken along a terrestrial-to-marine gradient in all three estuaries. The ratio of the absorption coefficient at 340nm (m^-1) to fDOM (QSU) was higher in West Falmouth Harbor (1.22) than in Barnegat Bay (0.22) and Chincoteague Bay (0.17). The fDOM-CDOM absorption ratio was variable between sites within West Falmouth Harbor and Barnegat Bay, but consistent between sites within Chincoteague Bay. Stable carbon isotope analysis for constraining the source of dissolved organic matter in West Falmouth Harbor and Barnegat Bay yielded δ¹³C values ranging from -19.7 to -26.1‰ and -20.8 to -26.7 ‰, respectively. Stable carbon isotope mixing models of DOC in the estuaries indicate contributions from marine plankton, terrestrial plants, and Spartina cordgrass. Comparison of DOC source to fDOM-CDOM absorption ratio at each site demonstrates the influence of source on optical properties. Samples with a greater contribution from marsh (Spartina) organic material had higher fDOM-CDOM absorption ratios than samples with greater contribution from terrestrial organic material. Applying a uniform fDOM-CDOM absorption ratio and spectral slope within a given estuary yields errors in modeled light attenuation ranging from 11-33% depending on estuary. The application of a uniform absorption ratio across all estuaries doubles this error. These results demonstrate that continuous monitoring of light attenuation in estuaries requires some quantification of CDOM absorption and source to refine light models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]