Effect of COD:SO42- Ratio, HRT and Linoleic Acid Concentration on Mesophilic Sulfate Reduction: Reactor Performance and Microbial Population Dynamics.

Biological sulfate (SO₄^2-) reduction was examined in anaerobic sequential batch reactors (ASBRs) operated under different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) ranging from 12 to 36 h and COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand)/SO₄^2- ratios of 2.4, 1.6 and 0.8. Competition between SO₄^2- reducing bacteria (SRBs), methane producing archaea (MPAs) and homoacetogens (HACs) was examined in controls and cultures treated with linoleic acid (LA). The ASBR performance was influenced by the COD/SO₄^2- ratio in control cultures with a SO₄^2- reduction of 87% at a COD/SO₄^2- ratio of 0.8. At a 12 h HRT, in both control and LA treated cultures, greater than 75% SO₄^2- removal was observed under all the conditions examined. In control reactors operating at a 36 h HRT, high levels of MPAs belonging to Methanobacteriales and Methanosarcinales were detected; however, in comparison, under low COD/SO₄^2- ratio and with decreasing HRT conditions, a relative increase in SRBs belonging to Desulfovibrio and Desulfatibacillum was observed. Adding 0.5 g∙L^-1 LA suppressed Methanobacteriales, while increasing the LA concentration to 1 g∙L^-1 completely suppressed MPAs with a relative increase in SRBs. HACs belonging to Bacteroidetes were observed in the control and in cultures operated at 12 h HRT with a COD/SO₄^2- ratio of 1.6 and fed 0.5 g∙L^-1 LA; however, with all other LA levels (0.5 and 1.0 g∙L^-1) and HRTs (12, 24 and 36 h), HACs were not detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]