Prophylactic platelet transfusion threshold during therapy for adult acute myeloid leukemia: 10,000/microL versus 20,000/microL.

Background and Objective: The threshold for prophylactic platelet transfusions has been classically established at 20,000/microL. In 48 patients with de novo acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) we analyzed the effect of reducing the threshold for prophylactic platelet transfusion from 20,000/microL (group A) to 10,000/microL (group B) after induction and consolidation chemotherapy.
Design and Methods: Forty-eight adult patients with de novo AML diagnosed in a single institution in a nine year period were enrolled in the study. Between January 1989 and December 1993 the patients received prophylactic platelet transfusions when their platelet count was below 20,000/microL (group A), and from January 1994 to March 1998 prophylactic platelet transfusions were indicated below 10,000/microL or between 10,000/microL and 20,000/microL if there was any consumption factor.
Results: The mean number (SD) of platelet transfusions during induction was 8.4 (5.3) in group A and 8.5 (5.5) in group B; and during consolidation 4.7 (3.4) in group A and 4.6 (3.8) in group B (p = n.s.). Excluding the cases with consumption factors from the analysis, group B patients required 34% fewer transfusions during induction and 15.5% fewer during consolidation (p = 0.04). There were no differences between groups regarding major bleeding episodes.
Interpretation and Conclusions: Our data show that the threshold for prophylactic platelet transfusion can be safely set at 10,000 microL during induction and consolidation chemotherapy for adult patients with de novo AML.