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Neuroleptic drugs in breast-milk: a study of pharmacokinetics and of possible adverse effects in breast-fed infants.
- Source :
-
Psychological medicine [Psychol Med] 1998 Jan; Vol. 28 (1), pp. 81-91. - Publication Year :
- 1998
-
Abstract
- Background: Very little is known about the pharmacokinetics of neuroleptic drugs in breast-feeding mothers and their infants or about possible adverse effects in the infants.<br />Method: Twelve mothers who breast-fed their infants were prescribed haloperidol, chlorpromazine or trifluoperazine. Two methods, enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used to assay these drugs in samples from mothers, but infants' samples were assayed only by the more sensitive EIA. Repeated clinical and developmental assessments of the breast-fed infants were carried out up to 30 months of age. The control subjects were 18 bottle-fed infants whose mothers were also prescribed neuroleptic or mood-stabilizing drugs.<br />Results: The total concentrations of neuroleptic drugs and their principal metabolites in maternal plasma were correlated with concentrations in fore-milk. Infants were ingesting up to 3% of the maternal daily dose per kg body weight and small amounts of the drugs were detected in infants' plasma and urine. Concentrations of haloperidol in the adult range were found in plasma from 2 of 5 infants assayed by EIA but there was no evidence of any acute or delayed adverse effects. Three other breast-fed infants whose mothers were prescribed both haloperidol and chlorpromazine showed a decline in their developmental scores from the first to the second assessment at 12-18 months.<br />Conclusion: More extensive longitudinal studies are needed but, in the meantime, there appears to be grounds for caution if breast-feeding mothers are prescribed doses of single or two neuroleptic drugs at the upper end of their recommended ranges.
- Subjects :
- Adult
Antipsychotic Agents blood
Antipsychotic Agents therapeutic use
Bottle Feeding
Child Development drug effects
Chlorpromazine blood
Chlorpromazine pharmacokinetics
Chlorpromazine therapeutic use
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Drug Administration Schedule
Drug Therapy, Combination
Female
Haloperidol blood
Haloperidol pharmacokinetics
Haloperidol therapeutic use
Humans
Imipramine blood
Imipramine pharmacokinetics
Imipramine therapeutic use
Immunoenzyme Techniques
Maternal Exposure
Milk, Human metabolism
Pregnancy
Psychotic Disorders blood
Psychotic Disorders drug therapy
Puerperal Disorders blood
Puerperal Disorders drug therapy
Antipsychotic Agents pharmacokinetics
Breast Feeding adverse effects
Infant, Newborn blood
Maternal-Fetal Exchange
Milk, Human chemistry
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 0033-2917
- Volume :
- 28
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Psychological medicine
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 9483685
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291797005965