Gestational and pregestational diabetes: an approach to therapy.

The objective of management in the pregnant diabetic patient is to achieve physiologic glucose homeostasis through the use of diet and insulin. As outlined, the numerous ancillary tests developed during the past 15 years to assist the clinician in determining impending fetal death have left much to be desired, especially where metabolic homeostasis has not been achieved prior to the thirty-sixth week of gestation. The statistics from this institution indicate that the maintenance of the plasma glucose concentration below 100 mg. per cent throughout gestation, regardless of the severity of the diabetes, all but removes the risk of maternal-fetal complications due to diabetes. The management is uniform for all patients exhibiting an abnormality of carbohydrate metabolism, and, although it is rather difficult to accept, there have been minimal neonatal complications when the protocol outlined in this presentation has been followed.