[Screening of Streptococcus agalactiae (group B) in the perinatal period].

Objective: To determine the carriage rate of Streptococcus agalactiae in a group of pregnant women and evaluate its role in a neonatal infections.
Design: Prospective study between December 1992 and May 1993.
Setting: University hospital.
Participants: 166 patients aged 17 to 41 years (m = 28 yrs) with a gestational age of 32 to 42 wks (m = 39.99 +/- 1.73) were admitted to the delivery suite. All patients had a vaginal swab on admission before any lavage.
Results: The recovery rate of Streptococcus agalactiae (group B) was found to be 7.8% (13/166) in our population. Twelve of the thirteen newborn to colonized mothers (92%) were term newborn as compared to 141 of 153 (92.1%) newborn to non-colonized mothers (p = 0.72). Three of thirteen (23%) colonized mothers had premature rupture of membranes and 23% (3/13) had prolonged labor > 12 h as compared to of 38 (25.1%) and 8 (5.1%) non-colonized mothers (respectively p = 0.58; NS; p = 0.035). No intra-partum fever was reported. All neonates born to colonized mothers had a birth weight > 2,800 g, an average Apgar score of 8.6 while neonates of non-colonized women had a weight > 2,800 g in 89.4% of cases and an average Apgar of 8.8 (p = 0.9). Two (15.4%) newborn infants born to colonized mothers had an early neonatal infection: one had a pneumonia and had a favorable outcome, the other one developed sepsis and meningitis and died on day 3.
Conclusion: Despite the low rate of Streptococcus agalactiae (group B) colonization (found in our population), regular identification of the organism is recommended because of the high risk of neonatal infection with a high mortality. Further studies on a larger group are needed to confirm such an approach.