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On the role of DNA double-strand breaks in toxicity and carcinogenesis.
- Source :
-
Critical reviews in toxicology [Crit Rev Toxicol] 1997 Mar; Vol. 27 (2), pp. 155-74. - Publication Year :
- 1997
-
Abstract
- DNA double-strand breaks are associated with various endogenous processes, such as transcription, recombination, replication, and with the process of active cell death, which aims to eliminate cells. In addition, DNA double-strand breaks can be induced by irradiation, exposure to chemicals, increased formation of reactive oxygen species, and, indirectly, during repair of other types of DNA damage or as a consequence of extranuclear lesions. In addition to the neutral filter elution of DNA, the recently introduced pulsed-field gel electrophoresis is capable of determining DNA double-strand breaks with higher accuracy and sensitivity and is expected to increase our knowledge on the frequency and the role of DNA breakage. Parallel determination of parameters for cytotoxicity is necessary to elucidate the causal primary lesion. Although the repair of DNA double-strand breaks is a complex task, cells are capable of repairing--with or without errors and up to a certain extent--and surviving this DNA lesion. Gene translocations, rearrangements, amplifications, and deletions arising during repair and misrepair of double-strand breaks may contribute to cell transformation and tumor development.
- Subjects :
- Animals
Cell Death genetics
Chromosome Aberrations genetics
DNA genetics
DNA radiation effects
DNA Repair genetics
DNA Repair physiology
DNA Topoisomerases, Type I genetics
DNA Topoisomerases, Type I metabolism
Electrophoresis
Homeostasis
Humans
Incidence
Neoplasms chemically induced
Neoplasms epidemiology
Reactive Oxygen Species
Transcription, Genetic drug effects
Transcription, Genetic genetics
Xenobiotics toxicity
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic genetics
DNA drug effects
DNA Damage
Neoplasms genetics
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1040-8444
- Volume :
- 27
- Issue :
- 2
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Critical reviews in toxicology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 9099517
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3109/10408449709021617