Spectral and temporal responses of trunk extensor electromyography to an isometric endurance test.

Study Design: This study investigated the effect of trunk extensor muscle location on the spectral and temporal electromyographic activity of the muscles during a fatiguing isometric extension of the torso against gravity.
Objectives: To determine the spectral responses of the trunk extensor muscles at more locations than have been studied previously, to determine if fatigue in the knee flexors limits this test, and to quantify the recruitment patterns of the trunk extensor muscles in a group of healthy subjects.
Summary of Background Data: Isometric endurance tests appear to have more value than strength tests in predicting the occurrence of low back pain. Electromyographic activity of trunk extensor muscles during these tests may provide clues to the etiology of neuromuscular-based low back pain. Spectral electromyographic measures appear to be successful discriminators between low back pain patient and normal populations, although which muscles provide the best information is unclear. Likewise, the recruitment patterns of the trunk extensors during fatiguing isometric tasks is not well quantified.
Methods: Ten healthy men performed an isometric trunk endurance test. Surface electromyography was recorded from the erector spinae medially and laterally at vertebral levels of L1 and L3, medially at L5, and from the biceps femoris and gastrocnemius. Spectral parameters were calculated from the Fast Fourier Transform, and temporal parameters were calculated from the root mean square of the raw data. Linear regression was used to determine their responses as a function of time.
Results: There was a significant effect of vertebral level and medial-lateral location on the initial median frequency and linear slope of the median frequency regressions. No significant evidence of fatigue in the lower extremities was observed. For most subjects, the temporal response of the surface electromyography was parabolic (concave-down), peaking at 30-50% of the endurance time.
Conclusion: Establishment of which muscle locations provide the best information and knowledge of the recruitment patterns are essential for the development of clinical diagnostic procedures and rehabilitation protocols.