[Purulent pericarditis in children: a 15 year-experience].

Background: Purulent pericarditis is rare in developed countries, but its prognosis is regarded as serious. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment should prevent complications.
Patients: Among the 119 pericarditis without congenital cardiopathy admitted in our pediatric cardiology unit between 1979 and 1994, 19 were purulent. The mean age of these 13 boys and six girls was 3 years (range: 3 months to 10 years). Symptoms always pointed to a chest disease whether pericarditis occurred first (n = 13) or it complicated evolution of a known infectious process (n = 6). Tamponnade was present in seven infants upon admission and required urgent pericardiocentesis or drainage. An extrapericardial infectious site was found in 11 cases: six pulmonary infections, three osteomyelitis, one cellulitis and one sinusitis. An organism was isolated in 17 cases, 14 times in the pericardial fluid, eight times on blood culture. The identified bacteria were: Staphylococcus aureus (n = 6), Haemophilus influenzae (n = 4), Streptococcus A (n = 3), Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 3), Meningococcus (n = 1). Treatment consisted of intra-venous antibiotics associated 15 times to surgical drainage of the pericardium. One infant had no pericardiocentesis and no drainage because he presented late with constrictive pericarditis and needed pericardectomy. All infants healed but four developed contrictive pericarditis and required pericardectomy; none of these four patients had early drainage (two had no drainage at all). Pericardectomy, carried out between 2 and 6 months after the beginning of pericarditis with adiastolic signs and pericardial thickening, permitted healing in all cases and disappearance of all cardiac symptoms.
Conclusions: Early diagnosis and treatment of purulent pericarditis, especially early pericardial drainage, are the best ways of avoiding constriction.