Effects of meperidine on the pancreatic and biliary sphincter.

Background: Opioids are traditionally avoided during sphincter of Oddi manometry because of indirect evidence suggesting that these agents cause sphincter of Oddi spasm. This study was undertaken to determine the direct effects of meperidine on the biliary and pancreatic sphincter.
Methods: Forty-seven patients were prospectively evaluated by sphincter of Oddi manometry in the conventional retrograde fashion. Manometry was initially performed with intravenous diazepam sedation alone. The manometry was repeated 3 to 5 minutes after meperidine was administered.
Results: The basal sphincter pressure of the biliary sphincter, pancreatic sphincter, and the combined sphincter group were not significantly altered by meperidine. Concordance (normal versus abnormal) between the basal sphincter pressure before and after meperidine was seen in 44 of 47 patients (94%). Meperidine produced a significant increase in the pancreatic, biliary, and combined sphincter phasic frequency and a significant decrease in the phasic duration. The pancreatic and combined sphincter phasic pressures were significantly reduced following meperidine administration. Seventeen manometry tracings (36%) were believed to be qualitatively better after meperidine, while only four (8.5%; p < .001) were qualitatively better with diazepam alone.
Conclusion: Meperidine can be used for additional analgesia during sphincter of Oddi manometry if the basal sphincter pressure is the parameter used to determine therapy.