Perspectives on genetics in china.

The long civilization of China traces its origin to the development of agriculture. Early records and archaeological findings demonstrate the success of plant and animal breeding in contributing to human livelihood and the national economy. Teaching and research in modern genetics began in China in the 1920s with individuals who received advanced training in the West. Over the following 30 years, notable contributions to genetics, both basic and applied, were made by Chinese scientists in universities and research institutions. Unfortunately, these activities were brought to a virtual standstill first by the official advocacy of Lysenkoism, followed by ten years of Cultural Revolution. Schools were closed and scientific research was interrupted. Not until 1978 did the universities begin to enroll new students and scientific research, including genetics, again receive endorsement. Since then, Chinese scientists have resumed contacts with colleagues in other countries and publication of their research findings in national and international journals. The material summarized in this article covers a long time span and a broad spectrum of scientific subjects and events. Representative examples of Chinese contributions to various areas of genetics are cited to depict the history, current status, and prospects for the development of genetics in China. After many ups and downs and despite limitations in material resources, the study of genetics in China seems to be on a sound footing, with a relatively complete system in place for training workers in this discipline.