Decreased endurance to cold water swimming and delayed sexual maturity in the rat following neonatal lead exposure.

The effects of neonatal lead (Pb) exposure on ability to endure stress and on the onset of sexual maturity were investigated using rats. Sprague-Dawley dams (n = 17/treatment) were treated with or without lead acetate (0.3%) in drinking water from parturition until postnatal day (PND) 21, at which time the pups were weaned. A set of sex-balanced pairs of pups (24 male and 24 females/treatment) from randomly selected control and Pb-treated dams was tested for cold water (4 degrees C) swimming-endurance on PND 15, 21, 25 and 30. Lead treated-female pups showed significantly (P < 0.05) lower endurance on PND 21 and 30, while Pb-treated males exhibited lower (P < 0.05) endurance on PND 21 compared to their respective controls. The results of this study indicate that neonatal exposure to Pb decreased cold water swimming-endurance. Neonatal exposure to either Pb or swimming stress delayed (P < 0.002) the onset of sexual maturity in both sexes. However, exposure to both treatments masked the effect of swimming stress on the onset of maturity in females but not in males.