Complex biliary stones: treatment with a small choledochoscope and laser lithotripsy.

Purpose: To evaluate the use of a small choledochoscope and laser lithotripsy in the treatment of complex biliary stone disease.
Materials and Methods: Twenty-five consecutive patients with complex biliary stone disease not amenable to surgical therapy, peroral endoscopic removal, or simple percutaneous retrieval techniques underwent 35 stone-removal procedures. A 3.4-mm endoscope and a pulsed dye coumarin green laser were used to pulverize and remove stones through preexisting, mature transhepatic biliary drain tracts (n = 18), t-tube tracts (n = 3), cholecystostomy tube tracts (n = 3), and a hepaticocutaneous enterostomy (n = 1). Procedures in 14 of the 25 patients (56%) were performed on an outpatient basis.
Results: Twenty-four of the 25 patients (96%) were cleared of their stone burden and underwent subsequent catheter therapy of strictures or abscesses as necessary. Complications of the stone removal included fever and chills in six patients (24%) and mild bleeding from a bile duct wall during removal of an adherent stone in one patient.
Conclusion: Use of a small choledochoscope and a coumarin green pulsed dye laser is safe and effective in the management of complex biliary stone disease.