[Acute hydrothorax as a complication of peritoneal dialysis: report of a case and review of the literature].

Report a case of a patient suffering from acute pancreatitis with renal failure, who needed peritoneal dialysis and developed acute hydrothorax as a complication of the procedure. The diagnosis was made by the high levels of glucose on pleural effusion (455 mg/dL) and glycemia of 81 mg/dL). This complication probably occurs because of a pathological diaphragmatic defect, communicating peritoneal and pleural cavities. The treatment consists of prompt interruption of peritoneal dialysis with improvement of symptomatology.