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Fetotoxicity of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in primate pregnancy: a prospective, placebo-controlled study in baboons (Papio hamadryas).
- Source :
-
American journal of obstetrics and gynecology [Am J Obstet Gynecol] 1994 Sep; Vol. 171 (3), pp. 633-42. - Publication Year :
- 1994
-
Abstract
- Objectives: Serious concerns have been raised about angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in pregnancy. The central question remains: does toxicity of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition pertain to pregnant humans?<br />Study Design: A prospective, placebo-controlled study was performed to investigate the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on pregnancy outcome in the baboon. Subjects (N = 12) received active and placebo treatments sequentially in a crossover protocol. Data were analyzed with two-sample t tests, analysis of variance, Fisher's exact test, or Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, where appropriate.<br />Results: Chronic administration of enalapril (7.5 mg per day) from before conception achieved moderate but sustained angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition as determined by repeated measures of renin-angiotensin system parameters (serum angiotensin-converting enzyme activity, plasma renin activity and plasma angiotensin I, angiotensin II, and aldosterone concentrations). Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme activity was significantly reduced throughout (< 10 nmol.ml-1.min-1, p < 0.01), with significant increases in plasma renin activity and angiotensin I (p < 0.01). Angiotensin II and aldosterone were maintained unchanged compared with placebo. There was a significant incidence of fetal death or intrauterine growth retardation in fetuses exposed to enalapril (eight of 13, zero on placebo, p < 0.01). When the definition of adverse pregnancy outcome was restricted to fetal death alone (four of 13) the difference remained significant (p < 0.05). Maternal arterial pressure was unchanged before conception, but a small and significant fall (10 to 15 mm Hg, p < 0.01) was detected throughout pregnancy. There was no fetal malformations.<br />Conclusion: The study provides definitive evidence for serious consequences of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in pregnancy of high-order primates.
- Subjects :
- Aldosterone blood
Analysis of Variance
Angiotensin I blood
Angiotensin II blood
Animals
Blood Pressure drug effects
Female
Papio
Pregnancy
Pregnancy Outcome
Prospective Studies
Random Allocation
Renin blood
Enalapril toxicity
Fetal Death chemically induced
Fetal Growth Retardation chemically induced
Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A blood
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 0002-9378
- Volume :
- 171
- Issue :
- 3
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 8092208
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9378(94)90075-2