Adrenal surgery for hypercortisolism--surgical aspects.

Background: Patients with endogenous hypercortisolism are thought to be at high risk for adrenalectomy and may experience significant postoperative surgical mortality/morbidity.
Methods: From 1981 through 1991, 91 patients underwent adrenal resection for endogenous hypercortisolism. Causes were adrenal-dependent Cushing's syndrome (50%), pituitary-dependent Cushing's syndrome (27%), and an ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting tumor (23%). Causes of adrenal-dependent Cushing's syndrome were adrenocortical adenoma (72%), bilateral nodular hyperplasia (20%), and adrenocortical carcinoma (8%). Comparative mean length of hospitalization for patients undergoing unilateral anterior versus posterior approach was 8 versus 6 days, and bilateral anterior versus posterior was 11 versus 6 days.
Results: Operative mortality was 2.6%. Only one patient had a wound infection, and no patient had either a venous thrombosis or a pulmonary embolism. Delayed wound healing occurred in three patients.
Conclusions: (1) Adrenal surgery can be performed today with low morbidity/mortality. (2) Although there is an effect of hypercortisolism on wound healing, infection, diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and pulmonary embolism, it was possible to perform adrenalectomy surgically with acceptable morbidity and mortality. (3) These results may serve as a standard against which laparoscopic adrenalectomy may be compared.