The introduction of surfactant replacement therapy into South Africa.

Within the context of limited financial and physical resources in South Africa, academic neonatologists have established strict criteria for ventilation of neonates with hyaline membrane disease (HMD). In the private sector neonatal care is less structured. Following the introduction of the artificial surfactant (Survanta) in November 1991 it was considered important to monitor its use in the public and private sectors. In collaboration with the marketing company a data sheet containing demographic information and clinical details was drawn up to be completed in each case where Survanta was administered to babies with HMD. Data from 155 babies treated at 10 hospitals were included in the final analysis (70 babies from 4 State-funded academic hospitals and 85 from 6 privately funded hospitals). Within the group of private hospitals there were some which treated large numbers of babies weighing > 2,000 g, while in a few others there was a relative excess of babies weighing < 1,000 g. There was a higher incidence of patent ductus arteriosus and intraventricular haemorrhage, and a higher mortality rate at the academic hospitals. Poor outcome at these institutions may largely have been due to poor antenatal care.