Increased incidence of severe breastfeeding malnutrition and hypernatremia in a metropolitan area.

Objective: To identify common characteristics among infants with breastfeeding malnutrition in a region with an increasing incidence of breastfeeding malnutrition.
Design: Retrospective case series.
Setting: A 361-bed regional tertiary care children's hospital in a 1.7 million population metropolitan area.
Case Series: five infants with severe breastfeeding malnutrition and hypernatremia admitted to a tertiary care children's hospital over a 5-month period. Retrospective case review: 166 infants admitted between 1990 and 1994 with the diagnosis of dehydration, hypernatremia, or malnutrition.
Main Outcome Measures: Maternal characteristics, age at presentation, percent loss from birth weight, serum sodium, average age at birth hospital discharge, neurologic, or cardiovascular complications.
Results: Five infants were admitted to a children's hospital over a 5-month period with severe breastfeeding malnutrition and hypernatremia. The average weight loss at time of readmission was 23% (+/- 8%) from birth weight. The average presenting sodium was 186 +/- 19 mmol/L. Three suffered significant complications. From 1990 through 1994, there was a statistically significant (P < .05) annual increase in the number of infants admitted with breastfeeding malnutrition and hypernatremia.
Conclusions: While breastfeeding malnutrition and hypernatremia is not a new problem, this cluster of infants represents an increase in frequency and severity of the problem and could be a consequence of several factors, including inadequate parent education about breastfeeding problems and inadequate strategies for infant follow-up.