Functional residual capacity and ventilatory pressures during positive-pressure ventilation at high frequencies.

The functional residual capacity (FRC) was measured in cats by the nitrogen washout technique during positive-pressure ventilation. Frequencies of 60 and 100 b.p.m. were used with insufflation periods of 20% and 35% of the ventilatory cycle, without and with a positive end-expiratory pressure. The higher frequency combined with the shorter insufflation period gave FRC close to that obtained during spontaneous breathing. The lower frequency and the longer insufflation period always gave greater FRC values. A further increase in FRC of about 23-27% was obtained after application of a positive end-expiratory pressure of 0.5 kPa. Adequate ventilation was achieved with small intratracheal and intrapleural pressures at all settings used.