Laryngectomees in Norway. Study No. 3: Pre- and postoperative factors of significance to esophageal speech acquisition.

The acquisition and acceptability of esophageal speech were evaluated relative to a number of variables in 188 laryngectomees. Of the population studied, 63% were rated as having socially acceptable esophageal speech (SAES) according to a rating scale developed by the author. Advanced age, persistent swallowing difficulties, and small stomas or dependency on a cannula resulted in reduced capability for acquiring SAES. As well, the ratings of premorbid adjustment patterns and personality traits were found to predict success in esophageal speech acquisition better than any social or situational factor.